Definition of gerunds from our glossary of english linguistic and grammatical terms containing explanations and crossreferences to other relevant english grammar terms. The redcard holders write down verbs followed by gerunds. Since francisco was five years old, swimming has been his passion. Gerund and infinitive phrases gerunds and infinitives are both verbals. Because their function is that of a noun, gerunds may be used as the subject of a sentence. Cut out the balls or players and use as markers how to play. Infinitives and gerunds take the place of a noun in a sentence. English esl gerund worksheets most downloaded 286 results. Complete the sentences with a gerund or an infinitive. Gerunds and infinitives i want toefl grammar lesson 1 i want toefl grammar lesson 2 part a. Complete the following exercise with gerund or infinitive forms of the indicated verbs.
Click here to download this exercise in pdf with answers. A gerund is a verbal, which is a nonverb created from a verb. It explains some verbs that are followed by gerund, the ones that are followed by infinitive and those that accpet both. Heres an interactive exercise about gerunds and infinitives after verbs. Irregular verbs form their past participles in various ways for example, bend, bent. This is the infinitive and gerund section of busy teacher. Gerunds and participles are also compared and contrasted in a separate section of this handout because they can both end in. Notice that every gerund is the object of a preposition. In other words, by adding ing to a verb, you can change it into a noun. All of these verbs can be followed by nouns instead of gerunds. Interstate 5 is blocked for two miles north and south of 80th street, so i strongly suggest e an alternate route if possible. Mar 23, 2020 gerunds are formed from verbs and result in verbs, but they function as nouns. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund.
Thus, gerunds will be subjects, subject complements, direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. The gerund phrase is the direct object of finished. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable pdf that you can take anywhere. Act verb acting noun play verb playing noun read verb reading noun acting is his. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund complements gregory conti corresponding author foreign language center of the university of perugia. This worksheet has two straightforward infinitive and gerund practice activities for your intermediate level students. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds a gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and functions as a noun. If the infinitive is used, the word structure generally includes the word to in front of the verb.
The aim of this paper is to examine the interaction of deponent and semideponent verbs with nonfinite constructions, such as participles anagnostopoulou 2003, iatridou et al. Forms of the gerund active voice passive voice simple losing being lost perfect having lost having been lost the simple gerund refers to the present or future. Gerunds, participles, and infinitives a verbal is a verb that functions as some other part of speech in a sentence. Sometimes you will be unsure if you need to use an infinitive or a gerund in a sentence. Just pay attention to how the choice reflects on the tone and meaning of your sentences. A gerund accompanied by its objects, complements, andor modifiers is called a gerund phrase or simply a noun phrase. Instead of studying for her exams, she went out every night. We use the gerund form of the verb when it serves as the subject of the sentence.
Page 1 of 3 gerunds and infinitives doing what noun. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf. To view and print this lesson, youll need to purchase a subscription. In the english language, there are three basic types of verbals. Unemployment is inevitable in a freemarket economy, complain of losing yourjob. Following a verb gerund or infinitive both gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun as the object of a verb.
Free infinitive and gerund worksheets this is the infinitive and gerund section of busy teacher. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. The result is still a verb, and it exhibits ordinary verbal properties, such as taking objects and adverbs. Some of these verbs can also be followed by a thatclause. Although gerunds are formed from verbs, they are used as nouns.
She considered applying for a post at that company. The gerund phrase is the subject of the verb takes. The difference between a gerund and an infinitive is the word structure and how the word is used. Download gerund and infinitive list pdf down below. The gerund phrase is the object of the preposition after. Using gerunds and infinitives a gerund is a verb form that ends in ing and is used as a noun walking, traveling, voting. Using gerunds and infinitives gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that can take the place of a noun in a sentence. A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund, an ing word, and will include other modifiers andor objects. The ed form of a regular verb is its past participle. The gerund is the ing form of the verb, when it is used as a noun e.
The gerund is commonly used after quite a few different verbs. The words and rules dichotomy also comes into play for english learners and their teachers confronted with another arduous grammar point, the topic most grammar books refer to as gerunds and infinitives. When i woke up, i was in a mysterious land with alex. In this situation, try changing the sentence and saying what you want to say in a different way. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb. Use it is adjective to infinitive to make the infinitive the subject of a sentence.
Remember, gerunds always function as nouns in sentences. Forms of the gerund active voice passive voice simple losing. Practice gerunds and infinitives in a communicative board game. Following are some lists of the most common combinations. Depending upon the verb and accompanying meaning, the object may be an infinitive or a gerund. Gerunds and participles are also compared and contrasted in a separate section of this handout because they can both end in ing but have different functions in a sentence. Present participles, on the other hand, complete progressive verbs or act as modifiers. You will find 4 worksheets on this topic as well as a very useful article with some suggestions on how to explain the difference between the two to your students. Gerunds and infinitives part 1 easy and clear rules the gerund can be used as the subject of a sentence. Unlike a normal noun, a gerund maintains some verblike properties for example, a gerund can take a direct object and be modified with an adverb. Gerunds are identical in appearance to present participles, but they are not used to form tenses of the verb or provide adjectival information.
T or f a gerund is the ing form of a verb used as a noun. In pairs or small groups, students talk about the questions in the boxes, paying special attention to the verb pattern normally infiniti. Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as objects of a sentence. The more you notice gerunds and infinitives in your study of the english language, the easier it will get. These esl lesson plans and worksheets are in pdf format, which you will need to download adobe reader if you dont already have it installed. Gerund and infinitive phrases university of texas at dallas. Gerunds, participles, and infinitives in this handout, the three types of verbals are discussed. Page 1 of 3 gerunds and infinitives doing what noun phrases do.
Oct 02, 20 a gerund is a verbal that is used as a noun and has an ing ending what is a gerund. Common verbs followed by the gerund perfect english grammar. Identifying verbs and gerunds ereading worksheets free. Through a variety of writing and speaking exercises, students learn when to choose a gerund or infinitive and when either choice is possible. Tomorrow im going to see friends i havent seen for a long time.
If there is to between two verbs, we call it infinitive and ing added to second verb it is called gerund. A gerund is derived from a verb by adding the suffix ing. Gerunds used as subjects level intermediate answer key my notes 1. Lets start with explaining what infinitives and gerunds are. The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. Adaptable for all levels of students and all class sizes. Review charts and rules for gerunds and infinitives as needed.
The two teams or players would toss a coin to decide who starts first, or do rocks, paper and. Gerunds and infinitives can function b to compose a sonata would take months. Gerunds and infinitives web islamic university of gaza. A gerund is the ing form of a verb when it functions grammatically as a noun in a sentence. Gerunds the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun.
Eating too much fast food is not good for your health. Alex was chasing me around the lake when i tripped and hit my head. Like nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases can function as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. Choose the correct preposition from the drop down menu and fill in the verb in brackets as a gerund into the appropriate gap. A gerund is a verbal that is used as a noun and has an ing ending what is a gerund. Tomorrow im going to see friends i havent seen for. A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in ing or. Verbs and phrases followed by a gerund he apologized for being late. Gerunds and infinitives worksheet with answers 3 for esl students and teachers. Gerunds and infinitives exercise 1 perfect english grammar.
The following guidelines and lists will help you figure out whether a gerund or infinitive is needed. In both exercises students have to fill in blanks with. Construction on the factoria interchange has caused 3. The gerund always has the same function as a noun although it looks like a verb. Grammar worksheet gerunds used as subjects complete the sentences below by using the ing gerund form of the verbs on the right.
Note that the black text turns gray for the examples. Gerunds are formed when an ing ending is added to a verb, and every infinitive is composed of to plus a verb. Register for free and gain access to additional teacher handouts. A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech, usually a noun. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a. Resources and materials for esl teachers including free esl handouts and quizzes, pdf lesson plans, teacher articles and a directory of teaching and reference resources. The perfect gerund shows that the action of the ingform happened before the action.
Free download this grammar sheet in pdf format by clicking on the pdf icon below. When gerunds function as the objects of prepositions. Flying grades as percentages 15 15 100% 14 15 93 15 87 12 15 80 11 15 73 10 15 67. Gerunds a gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and functions as a noun. So, it is possible to use both infinitives and gerunds as subjects, but gerunds are much more commonly used as subjects. Divide students into three groups, ideally of three or four students.
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